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Scottish independence - could Britain break up?

  • Scotland exports about 60% of its goods to the rest of the UK, showing how economically connected they are.
  • Some people argue Scotland spends more public money than it raises in taxes, so it benefits financially from the union.
  • Devolution gave Scotland power over areas like health and education but Westminster still controls defence and foreign policy.
  • The creation of the Scottish Parliament was expected to weaken nationalism but instead gave nationalists a platform to demand more powers.
  • The SNP winning a majority in the Scottish Parliament in 2011 allowed them to push for an independence referendum.
  • Brexit increased support for independence because 62% of Scottish voters wanted to remain in the EU.
  • Leaving the UK could create a hard border between Scotland and England which could disrupt trade.
  • Some supporters of independence argue Scotland could grow its economy better if it controlled its own economic policy.
  • Businesses worry independence could create extra bureaucracy and trade barriers similar to Brexit issues.
  • Westminster must approve a second independence referendum, which creates political conflict between the UK and Scottish governments.

The legacy of the Good Friday Agreement 25 years on

  • Around 3,500 people were killed during the Troubles before the peace agreement.
  • Secret meetings took place between governments and groups linked to violence to help negotiations succeed.
  • The British government talked with Irish republicans while the Irish government also contacted loyalist groups.
  • US involvement helped push the agreement forward, including pressure from President Bill Clinton.
  • Unionist leader David Trimble faced strong opposition from within unionism for supporting the agreement.
  • The agreement required paramilitary groups to give up weapons and move away from violence.
  • Northern Ireland’s government must share power between unionist and nationalist parties.
  • The political system allows the largest unionist and nationalist parties to veto decisions.
  • This system helped secure peace but has also caused repeated political deadlock.
  • The Northern Ireland government has been suspended several times due to disputes, recently over Brexit border arrangements.

Tony Blair on devolution and the future of the union

  • Blair argues devolution had already been debated for over a century before it was introduced.
  • He says without devolution the UK might already have broken apart earlier.
  • One weakness was assuming devolution would stop demands for independence completely.
  • Brexit strengthened nationalist arguments because Scotland and Northern Ireland mostly voted to remain in the EU.
  • Blair claims the lack of a strong political opposition in Scotland allowed the SNP to dominate politics.
  • The SNP can blame Westminster for problems while still running the Scottish government.
  • Blair believes economic integration between Scotland and England would make independence difficult.
  • He says the union must appeal emotionally as well as economically to remain strong.
  • Simply promoting symbols like the union flag will not strengthen the union on its own.
  • Blair suggests stronger UK wide political debate and cultural links between nations could help maintain the union.