10032026
/notes/a-levels/government--politics/informal/homework/paper-1/devolution/10032026/
government-and-politics
paper-1
devolution
informal
homework
Scottish independence - could Britain break up?
- Scotland exports about 60% of its goods to the rest of the UK, showing how economically connected they are.
- Some people argue Scotland spends more public money than it raises in taxes, so it benefits financially from the union.
- Devolution gave Scotland power over areas like health and education but Westminster still controls defence and foreign policy.
- The creation of the Scottish Parliament was expected to weaken nationalism but instead gave nationalists a platform to demand more powers.
- The SNP winning a majority in the Scottish Parliament in 2011 allowed them to push for an independence referendum.
- Brexit increased support for independence because 62% of Scottish voters wanted to remain in the EU.
- Leaving the UK could create a hard border between Scotland and England which could disrupt trade.
- Some supporters of independence argue Scotland could grow its economy better if it controlled its own economic policy.
- Businesses worry independence could create extra bureaucracy and trade barriers similar to Brexit issues.
- Westminster must approve a second independence referendum, which creates political conflict between the UK and Scottish governments.
The legacy of the Good Friday Agreement 25 years on
- Around 3,500 people were killed during the Troubles before the peace agreement.
- Secret meetings took place between governments and groups linked to violence to help negotiations succeed.
- The British government talked with Irish republicans while the Irish government also contacted loyalist groups.
- US involvement helped push the agreement forward, including pressure from President Bill Clinton.
- Unionist leader David Trimble faced strong opposition from within unionism for supporting the agreement.
- The agreement required paramilitary groups to give up weapons and move away from violence.
- Northern Ireland’s government must share power between unionist and nationalist parties.
- The political system allows the largest unionist and nationalist parties to veto decisions.
- This system helped secure peace but has also caused repeated political deadlock.
- The Northern Ireland government has been suspended several times due to disputes, recently over Brexit border arrangements.
Tony Blair on devolution and the future of the union
- Blair argues devolution had already been debated for over a century before it was introduced.
- He says without devolution the UK might already have broken apart earlier.
- One weakness was assuming devolution would stop demands for independence completely.
- Brexit strengthened nationalist arguments because Scotland and Northern Ireland mostly voted to remain in the EU.
- Blair claims the lack of a strong political opposition in Scotland allowed the SNP to dominate politics.
- The SNP can blame Westminster for problems while still running the Scottish government.
- Blair believes economic integration between Scotland and England would make independence difficult.
- He says the union must appeal emotionally as well as economically to remain strong.
- Simply promoting symbols like the union flag will not strengthen the union on its own.
- Blair suggests stronger UK wide political debate and cultural links between nations could help maintain the union.