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| Key Thinker | Provenance | Ideas | | | | | | Hobbes | 17 th century, during the English Civil War emphasis on the state of nature, he believed that England during the civil war d...
John Rawls Source Rawls's work is less a 'comprehensive moral doctrine' and more a strictly 'political conception of justice'. comprehensive moral doctrine: a set of beliefs, cover...
| Paragraph | Point | Evidence | Analysis | Link | | | | | | | | 1a Agree | Both agree human nature is rational, flexible, and capable of ongoing progress. Education is seen as the...
WARNING This document was AI generated. There is not much of an emphasis of T. H. Green as he does not hold much value in exam questions. Core Ideas Transition to Modern Liberalism...
Notes The main role of the state is to create order, security, and authority. Without order, there can be no liberty. The state precedes society key contrast with liberalism organi...
WARNING This document was AI generated. The "Father of Conservatism" Edmund Burke 1729 1797 was a Whig MP widely considered the founder of modern conservatism. His philosophy emerg...
WARNING This document was AI generated. Conservatism as a "Psychology" Michael Oakeshott 1901 1990 famously argued that conservatism was "more psychology than ideology." He describ...
WARNING This document was partially AI generated. Context Thomas Hobbes 1588 1679 was a deeply sceptical philosopher whose work was heavily influenced by the chaos of the English C...
| Human Nature | Society | State | Economy | | | | | | | Sceptical and modest | Created organically and cannot be planned | Focus on importance of the nation | Reluctant supporters...
| Thinker | Strand | Human Nature | Society | State | Economy | Traits | | | | | | | | | | Hobbes | Traditional | Needy, vulnerable, and ruthlessly selfish. Life is "nasty, brutish...
WARNING My initial notes were quite messy I've used Gemini to refactor them. Key Terms Change to Conserve: The principle that institutions must be updated to be preserved. Human Im...
1. self realisation, self determination, self fulfillment humans are rational, self serving, have the ability to make their own lives better 2. natural laws the laws that humans al...
QUOTE "A US political philosopher, Rawls, used a form of social contract theory to reconcile liberal individualism with the principles of redistribution and social justice. In his...
NOTE This is discussing economic liberalism , also known as capitalism . Traits The traits of economic liberalism follow the ideology of classic liberalism. Where rich people have...
WARNING This document was partially AI generated. What is society? Groups of people with established social contracts, governed by a state body Restricted to an extent by a geograp...
1. egotisical ones self interest/valuation of themselves rational the idea of human reasoning behind actions, liberals believe that humans are very rational and think out their dec...
John Locke Source Gilbert Ryle on John Locke Locke's work is less a "theory of knowledge" and more an "Ethics of Thinking". Locke argued that the tenacity determined/persistent wit...
NOTE Writing in the post war era. Core Ideas Acknowledged as the "mother of the modern feminist movement" and "feminism's matriarch". Authored The Feminine Mystique 1963 , which at...
Core Ideas Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1792 , establishing her as a preeminent proto feminist of the Enlightenment. Argued that "mind has no sex" and that women...
WARNING This document was AI generated. The 'Natural' Society Predates the State: Society existed peacefully before governments were formed John Rawls, John Locke . Positive Human...
Belief of the State QUOTE "When the state becomes flabby, it also becomes feeble" Ayn Rand Ayn Rand believes that when the state becomes 'fat' flabby, large , it also becomes weak...
WARNING This document was AI generated. The French Revolution was a practical application of enlightenment ideas, specifically the classical liberal principles of John Locke. Estat...
Origin Conservatism is a reaction to the rise of liberalism. Conservatism prioritises 'keeping stuff the way it is' tradition it is in the name, conserv atism Human Nature Conserva...
1. A political ideology is composed of critique of existing order, vision of a future society, theory of political change 2. Conservatism, nationalism, socialism, liberalism 3. Lin...
| Term | Definition | | | | | Enlightenment | An 18th century movement that prioritised reason, logic, and individual rights over tradition and religion. | | Rationalism | The beli...
WARNING My initial notes were quite messy I've used Gemini to refactor them. Core Values and Human Nature Liberalism assumes freedom is essential for the full development of the hu...
Core Ideas Two Treatises of Government 1690 Social Contract Theory the state is created by the people to serve human interests. It only exists by the consent of the governed. Limit...
, Core Ideas John Stuart Mill bridged classical and modern liberalism Promoted "negative freedom," meaning an absence of rules or restraints Created the " harm principle ": people...
Individualism Egotistical is classic the belief that individuals are self interested and self reliant, seeking to maximize their own utility with minimal interference from the stat...
Context Monarchs used to rule under the theory of 'the divine right of kings' the theory provided a religious basis for why monarchs held power. During this time power rested in th...