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The ‘Natural’ Society

• Predates the State: Society existed peacefully before governments were formed (John Rawls, John Locke).
• Positive Human Nature: Humans are naturally decent and respectful.
• Pre-State Life: Agreeable and efficient, not violent or “nasty” as conservatives like Hobbes argued.
• Foundation: Built on natural rights, laws, and justice

The Individualistic Society

• Main Goal: Maximize personal control (self-determination), potential (self-realization), and purpose (self-fulfillment).
• Equality: Demands an end to prejudice and discrimination so everyone can be free.
• Minority Support: Liberals historically champion the underrepresented:
  • John Locke: Religious minorities.
  • Mary Wollstonecraft & Betty Friedan: Women’s rights to property, education, and careers.
  • Shon Faye: LGBTQ+ rights.

The Tolerant Society

• The Harm Principle: You can do or say anything as long as it does not harm the freedom of others (John Stuart Mill).
• Resolving Conflict: Liberals believe education and enlightenment will cure intolerance and solve clashes between different minority groups.

Comparing Views on Society

• Liberals: Society is natural, predates the state, and is driven by individuals seeking independence.
• Socialists: Society is natural and predates the state, but is driven by community and teamwork.
• Conservatives: Society is not natural; it requires a strong state and strict order to function.