Strands

• State nationalism
  • Liberal nationalism
  • Conservative nationalism
  • Civic nationalism
• Minority nationalism
  • Anti-colonial/post-colonial nationalism
  • Black nationalism

Socialist Nationalism

Socialist nationalism has mainly thrived in Africa.

Example: Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe

Mugabe sought to establish socialism in order to combat international capitalist imperialism.

He sought to create a collectivist economic system which would create a sense of national identity which was weak.

Example: Fidel Castro, Cuba

Cuba also created a similar system, albeit citizens who expressed an opposition to socialism were seen as unpatriotic.

Nativism and Protectionism

The main manifestation of this has been economic in nature. Nativists believe that the original group should have economic priority over other groups. This means they should have first claim to employment and to social benefits such as health, subsidised housing, social security, and education.

It also means that domestic industries should be protected from international competition. In addition, immigration should be controlled to protect native culture.

However, nativism is an ultra-conservative, regressive form of nationalism which looks back to a former age when native national group and its culture were dominant. It seeks to halt the progression of globalisation, in particular the free trade and the movement of labour that goes with it.

Republicanism and Giuseppe Mazzini

• Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian nationalist. He worked alongside Giuseppe Garibaldi in the 1800s. His desire, and republicanisms desire is to see his/or a nation, united and free from external dominations, and popular democracy.

‘A country is not a mere territory…it is the sentiment of love, the sense of fellowship which binds together the people to that territory’ - Duties of Man 1880