Note: Nationalism can mean fascism. Note: Nationalism is arguably an ideology - not all political scientists agree.

Info

Race refers to broad physical characteristics (like skin colour) assigned to you. While ethnicity refers to shared cultural identity (like language, religion, and ancestry).

Famous Nationalists

• Nicola Sturgeon (SNP, Scotland)
  • (Modern) Liberal nationalism - independence, protect human rights, individual liberty
• Fidel Castro (Cuba)
  • Post-colonial socialist nationalism - independence, shared resources
• Adolf Hitler (Nazi Germany)
  • Radical nationalism - independence, ethnic cleansing (exclusive)

As shown, nationalism is not a singular ideology, it builds upon other ideologies, serving as a prefix.

Definitions

Chauvinism - Uncritical and unreasoned dedication to a cause or group, typically based on a belief in its superiority, e.g., ‘national chauvinism’, or ‘male chauvinism’. Xenophobia - A fear or hatred of foreigners; pathological ethnocentrism (the belief that one’s own group, ethnicity, or nationality is superior to others).