A political ideology is composed of critique of existing order, vision of a future society, theory of political change
Conservatism, nationalism, socialism, liberalism
Linear spectrum of politics - a line going left-to-right, placing each ideology on a spectrum - liberalism is in the middle
Horseshoe spectrum of politics - a horse-shoe shape representing each ideology on a spectrum, left is the left side, right is the right side, higher is more extreme - liberalism is in the middle
‘Gods given right’ for kings/queens to be a monarch - i.e., King Henry VIII
Enlightenment - a period of time which encouraged logical thinking, led to people believing and using science, scientifical discoveries, revolutions (pushed for democracies)